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 Giving the Excluded Télécharger « La mobilité quotidienne dans la vie précaire » Eric Lebreton et Sophie Rouay Synthèse de l’étude réalisée pour l’IVM et Abeille Aide et Entraide In January 2002, the Abeilles Aide & Entraide Association and the Institut pour la ville en mouvement launched a system of transport on demand to promote social and professional integration for people living within the wider Paris area. Transport on demand consists of a communal taxi which follows software-optimised roots. Integrating the excluded For a number of years, the Abeilles Aide & Entraide Association (licensed by the State and general councils) has been working with long-term job seekers (more than 3 years), people on basic guaranteed income, young people in breach of school and family expulsion orders, lone women with children, living in 12 towns in the north of Essonne (Draveil, Vigneux-sur-Seine, Yerres, Brunoy, Epinay-sous-Sénart, etc.) and 5 authorities in the Val de Marne (Valenton, Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, Périgny, etc.). These 1400 people, supported by the Association’s 12 professionals, are involved in a three-way integration programmes:  1/3 of the time is spent on solving day-to-day problems: accommodation, health, children’s schooling, debt management, reregistering with administrative departments; 1/3 of the time on education: language learning (Abeille Aide et Entraide works with 46 different nationalities), relearning the basics (reading, writing, counting), and training for work; 1/3 of the time in short-term work schemes (from hours to a few days) on small household services (gardening, cleaning, DIY)The problem The programme is inhibited by the shortage of transport facilities: the regional express railway only serves the periphery of the area covered by the 17 towns; the private buses run by Connexe and Kéolis subsidiaries only offer a minimum service aimed at a largely car-owning local population. The excluded, who cannot afford cars (and also lack sufficient grasp of the language to pass the driving test), are deprived of the tools of day-to-day mobility. They are restricted to walking, which is not only tiring but also prevents them achieving the objectives of integration. The response Abeilles Aide & Entraide and the Institut pour la ville en mouvement are developing a system of transport on demand: all members of the association can book (by telephone or at the office) a next-day minibus to take them to work or to their programme venue. A software program processes all the requests in real time, and calculates the best route in each case to drop off the minibus’s 8 passengers (plus 1 driver) as quickly and cheaply as possible. The service covers the entire period of activity of the people in the integration programme, from the first appointment on Monday (around 6:30 am) to the last on Sunday (around 7 pm). 1800 points (members’ homes, workplace and programme venues) can be linked together on the basis of transport requests (within the 17 locations). The service is free of charge to the users. Components of the system A software program designed by a specialist firm and already proven on other sites. Two 9-seater minibuses and 4 drivers. Guidelines which set the conditions for using the system.An original project Transport on demand currently exists in several towns in France and abroad (USA, Netherlands, etc.). Usually, however, it is a backup service for the ordinary public transport networks. For the first time with the Abeilles Aide & Entraide and IVM project, it is specifically targeting the excluded who, isolated on the margins of work and training, of accommodation and healthcare, are also on the margins of urban mobility. The second original feature is that the project is developing in parallel with research on the link between “urban mobility and social inclusion”. The initial findings are based on a survey amongst members of Abeilles Aide & Entraide; they will then be extended nationally via a large-scale statistical survey. The third novelty is the project’s institutional make-up. Frequently, transport on demand is developed by transport operators and local authorities. Here, the project is supported in tandem by the IVM, a non-profit association created by PSA Peugeot Citroën, and AAE, a “third sector” association. It is a form of subsidiarity.Next... A national survey will be conducted in partnership with the Lyon Social Observatory on mobility as a factor in social integration. The findings of this survey together with the results of the Abeilles transport programme will be presented at the seminar of the Chair of the Institut pour la ville en mouvement in October 2002, which will focus on the experiments conducted in different countries in this fieldTélécharger « La mobilité quotidienne dans la vie précaire » Eric Lebreton et Sophie Rouay Synthèse de l’étude réalisée pour l’IVM et Abeille Aide et Entraide |
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